
Goldstein relates how the long-revered egalitarian underpinnings of socialist ideology were being undermined in the twentieth century, and was being transformed into the narrow quest for absolute power, thus becoming a bastardized idea of socialism, and by the middle of the twentieth century, the final revolution was taking shape.
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The middle, so long as it was struggling for power, had always made use of such terms as freedom, justice, and fraternity. Now, however, the concept of human brotherhood began to be assailed by people who were not yet in positions of command, but merely hoped to be so before long. In the past the Middle had made revolutions under the banner of equality, and then had established a fresh tyranny as soon as the old one was overthrown. The new Middle groups in effect proclaimed their tyranny beforehand. Socialism, a theory which appeared in the early nineteenth century and was the last link in a chain of thought stretching back to the slave rebellions of antiquity, was still deeply infected by the Utopianism of past ages. But in each variant of socialism that appeared from about 1900 onwards the aim of establishing liberty and equality was more and more openly abandoned. The new movements which appeared in the middle years of the century, Ingsoc in Oceania, Neo-Bolshevism in Eurasia, Death-worship, as it is commonly called, in Eastasia, had the conscious air of perpetuating unfreedom and inequality. These new movements, of course, grew out of the old ones and tended to keep their names and pay lip-service to their ideology. But the purpose of all of them was to arrest progress and freeze history at a chosen moment. The familiar pendulum swing was to happen once more, and then stop. As usual, the High were to be turned out by the Middle, who would then become the High; but this time, by conscious strategy, the High would be able to maintain their position permanently.
-- “1984” by George Orwell
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Let it be noted that this bastardization of socialist thought is central to Orwell’s perspective. He, himself, was a socialist, but the reason why he wrote so harshly of leftist politics and government, as manifested in “1984” and “Animal Farm”, is because he decried what he took to be a perversion of true socialist ideology. In part, he hoped to cure socialism from the totalitarian strains in which it became entangled.