Like Socrates, Nietzsche had examined himself. Like Plato, he was willing to legislate for others, if only as a ventriloquist speaking through his fictive prophet Zarathustra. But unlike the ancient philosophers from Aristotle to Augustine, Nietzsche’s transparently fictive prophet will not command obedience to any single set of positive precepts and beliefs, embodied in word and deed. For like Montaigne, Nietzsche had found himself to be a creature in flux, a pure potentiality for being, uncertainly oriented toward what had previously been held to be the good, the true, and the beautiful. And as a result, he will have his Zarathustra, like Emerson, preach a gospel of self-reliance.
-- James Miller, “Examined Lives”