
Winston is still strapped to the table and the electrodes, as O’Brien continues to rehabilitate him.
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“There is a Party slogan dealing with the control of the past,” he said. “Repeat it, if you please.”
“ ‘ Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past,’” repeated Winston obediently.
“ ‘Who controls the present controls the past,’” said O’Brien, nodding his head with slow approval. “Is it your opinion, Winston, that the past has real existence?”
Again the feeling of helplessness descended upon Winston. His eyes flitted toward the dial. He not only did not know whether “yes” or “no” was the answer that would save him from pain; he did not even know which answer he believed to be the true one.
O’Brien smiled faintly. “You are no metaphysician, Winston,” he said. “Until this moment you had never considered what is meant by existence. I will put it more precisely. Does the past exist concretely, in space? Is there somewhere or other a place, a world of solid objects, where the past is still happening?”
“No.”
“Then where does the past exist, if at all?”
“In records. It is written down.”
“In records. And -?”
“In the mind. In human memories.”
“In memory. Very well, then. We, the Party, control all records, and we control all memories. Then we control the past, do we not?”
-- “1984” by George Orwell
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